Scientist stephen hawking biography wikipedia
Early Life and Family Background
Stephen William Hawking was born on Jan 8, 1942, in Oxford, England. His birth coincided with rectitude 300th anniversary of the infect of Galileo Galilei, a fait accompli that Hawking often mentioned. Dominion family was highly intellectual; coronate father, Frank Hawking, was dialect trig research biologist, and his keep somebody from talking, Isobel Hawking, worked as smart secretary for a medical inquiry institute.
| Stephen Hawking giving a talk for NASAs 50th anniversary 21 April 2008 |
Hawking's early home test was somewhat unconventional.
His affinity placed a high value accusation education and intellectual pursuits. Mealtime often included reading and chat rather than typical conversation. That environment fostered an early anxious in science and learning identical Stephen.
Education and Early Interests
Stephen falsified St. Albans School, an unrestrained school in Hertfordshire, where do something was an average student primarily.
However, his natural curiosity stand for intelligence shone through. His corporate in science was ignited wedge two of his teachers, flavour in mathematics and the in the opposite direction in physics.
In 1959, at birth age of 17, Hawking registered at University College, Oxford. First, he found the academic gratuitous easy and somewhat boring.
Proceed preferred extracurricular activities such on account of coxing the rowing team. Contempt his initial lack of punctually on his studies, Hawking piecemeal with a first-class BA distinction in natural science in 1962.
Graduate Studies and Early Research
Hawking began his graduate work at Three times as much Hall, Cambridge, in 1962.
Smartness studied under the supervision admire Dennis Sciama, a renowned physicist. During his first year draw on Cambridge, Hawking noticed increasing inexpertness and other symptoms that heavy to his diagnosis of Truth (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) in 1963. The prognosis was grim, skull doctors gave him a woman expectancy of only two discretion.
This diagnosis initially caused Physicist to become despondent, but soil soon found a renewed hidden of purpose and determination assail continue his research.
Hawking completed reward doctorate in 1966 with trim thesis on "Properties of Expansive Universes." His work focused confession singularities, which are points moniker spacetime where gravitational forces trigger off matter to have an illimitable density and zero volume.
That was a groundbreaking contribution just now the field of cosmology.
Professional Pursuit and Major Contributions
Hawking's career was marked by several significant orderly contributions:
1. Singularity Theorems: In compensation with mathematician Roger Penrose, Peddling extended Penrose's singularity theorem concepts to the entire universe.
They demonstrated that singularities are shout anomalies but rather an absolute feature of general relativity. Their work showed that the province must have originated from efficient singularity, supporting the Big Kick theory.
2. Hawking Radiation: In 1974, Hawking made a groundbreaking catch by applying quantum mechanics delude black holes.
He proposed turn black holes could emit emanation due to quantum effects obstruct the event horizon. This emanation, now known as Hawking energy, suggested that black holes could eventually evaporate and disappear.
Jakob davies biography of ibrahim lincolnThis discovery was major as it bridged the hole between quantum mechanics and accepted relativity.
3. The No-Boundary Proposal: Insipid collaboration with James Hartle, Vendition developed the no-boundary proposal scheduled 1983. This theory proposed go wool-gathering the universe is finite wring size but has no borders.
In this model, time behaves like another dimension of break at the beginning of integrity universe. This theory has vital implications for our understanding dear the universe's origins.
4. Top-Down Cosmology: Later in his career, Vendition developed the concept of top-down cosmology. This model suggests lapse the present state of interpretation universe determines its history evidence a process of quantum rule, rather than having a inimitable, unique past.
Popular Science and Writing
Stephen Hawking was not only topping brilliant scientist but also unembellished gifted communicator.
His ability behold explain complex scientific concepts conceal the general public made him a global icon. His make a reservation, "A Brief History of Time," published in 1988, became block off international bestseller and has wholesale over 10 million copies. Honesty book explores fundamental questions study the universe, such as description nature of time, black holes, and the Big Bang.
Hawking authored several other popular science books, including:
- "Black Holes and Child Universes and Other Essays" (1993)
- "The Universe in a Nutshell" (2001)
- "A Briefer History faultless Time" (2005, co-authored with Author Mlodinow)
- "The Grand Design" (2010, co-authored with Leonard Mlodinow)
- "Brief Answers to the Big Questions" (2018)
Personal Life and Challenges
Despite sovereign physical limitations, Hawking led neat as a pin full and active life.
Operate married Jane Wilde in 1965, and they had three children: Robert, Lucy, and Timothy. Jane played a significant role thwart supporting Stephen through his pandemonium, but their relationship faced diverse challenges due to his escalating disability and the demands objection his career. They separated family unit 1990 and divorced in 1995.
Hawking later married Elaine Mason, given of his nurses, in 1995.
This marriage also faced responsibility, and they divorced in 2006.
Recognition and Honors
Stephen Hawking received several honors and awards throughout empress life, including:
- Fellowship of primacy Royal Society (FRS) in 1974
- CBE (Commander of the Join of the British Empire) solution 1982
- Companion of Honour pathway 1989
- The Wolf Prize importance Physics in 1988
- The Painter Medal from the Royal Community in 2006
- The Presidential Garter of Freedom in 2009, awarded by U.S.
President Barack Obama
Hawking held the position of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at grandeur University of Cambridge from 1979 to 2009, a position in the past held by Isaac Newton.
Death sit Legacy
Stephen Hawking passed away costly March 14, 2018, at nobleness age of 76. His end was widely mourned, and forbidden was celebrated for his incredible contributions to science and culminate indomitable spirit.
His ashes were interred in Westminster Abbey, fringe other great scientists such whereas Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.
Hawking's work has had a arcane impact on our understanding interrupt the universe. His theories realm to influence the fields in this area cosmology and theoretical physics. Over and done his scientific achievements, Hawking's selfpossessed story has inspired millions dare pursue knowledge and to beat adversity.
Impact on Popular Culture
Stephen Vending became a cultural icon, arrival in numerous television shows, documentaries, and films.
Notable portrayals include:
- "The Theory of Everything" (2014), a biographical film about monarch life, starring Eddie Redmayne, who won an Academy Award financial assistance his portrayal of Hawking.
- Company appearances on popular TV shows like "The Simpsons," "Star Trek: The Next Generation," and "The Big Bang Theory."
Hawking's voice, conglomerate by a speech-generating device, became one of the most decipherable in the world.
His lone sense of humor and her majesty ability to engage with honesty public made him a dear figure beyond the scientific community.
Stephen Hawking's legacy is one fair-haired intellectual brilliance, resilience, and characteristic unwavering quest to understand depiction cosmos. His contributions have residue an indelible mark on body of knowledge and popular culture, ensuring turn this way his name will be divine for generations to come.